The NZE Scenario sees average thermal energy and electricity intensities reach less than 3.4 GJ/t clinker and 90 kWh/t cement, respectively, by 2030, excluding additional energy required for the deployment of emission reduction technologies such as carbon capture, which come with a penalty in terms of thermal fuels and electricity consumption. This decrease was alongside an increase in the sector's electricity intensity, which reached around 100 kWh/t cement in 2022. The Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and the United States were identified in a policy analysis by the World Economic Forum and the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCGA) as frontrunners in the adoption of regulation on low carbon concrete and construction, and implementation of supporting public procurement schemes.įrom 2010 to 2020, the average thermal energy intensity of clinker decreased by 0.2% annually and has since remained relatively flat at about 3.6 GJ/t clinker.Focusing on the cement and lime industries, the plan sees carbon emissions peaking before 2030 through continuous development and deployment of low-carbon materials and technology, reduction in energy consumption, and the transition to clean and green energy.
In China, the Ministries of Industry and Information Technology, National Development and Reform Commission, of Ecology and Environment, and of Housing and Urban-Rural Development launched the Carbon Peak Implementation Plan for Building Materials Industry in November 2022.The Plan aims to simplify, accelerate and align incentives to preserve the competitiveness and attractiveness of the EU as an investment location for net zero industries, but specific measures to support the transition in energy-intensive industries such as cement have not yet been developed. The European Union released its Green Deal Industrial Plan in February 2023.An update to the 45Q tax credit for industrial applications of CCS, and investments in CCS demonstrations and CO2 transportation infrastructure should help to abate emissions from the cement sector. In the United States, the Inflation Reduction Act, announced in August 2022, set out a budget of USD 5.8 billion for industrial decarbonisation to support the reduction of around 200 Mt of CO 2 – 17% of the total estimated emissions reduction envisaged by the Act – by 2030.Countries and regions making important notable progress in decarbonising cement production include the following:
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